Espaço urbano

Rio de Janeiro’s police officers habitually work on the edge of a border – between rationalised and ordered routines on one hand, and risk, disorder and incipient violence on the other. The article argues that this edge has distinct emotional components and concrete spatial consequences for the production of the city as a bordered space. Conceptually, the article combines spatial thinking about the production of territoriality with an emotional understanding of the police as ‘edgeworkers’ grounded in cultural criminology. Empirically, this piece uses ethnographic material from research with ordinary civil police officers and Special Forces in Rio. Across three empirical sections, the article explores police emotions and their significant spatial effects. First, the article mobilises the metaphor of ‘drying ice’ that police officers use to symbolise their everyday struggle with Rio’s urban conflict, and which leads them to produce spaces of secrecy. Second, the article shows how the police consider their job to be a vocation, a stance which simultaneously produces spaces of exposure. Finally, the Special Forces’ activities are compared to those of soldiers in war zones, assessing how the officers as edgeworkers find ways of escaping their emotional dilemma, thereby producing the city as a space of war.

This paper examines the increased visibility of urban infrastructures occurring through a close coupling of information technologies and the selective integration of urban services. It asks how circulatory flow is managed in the contemporary city, by focusing on the emergence of new forms of governmentality associated with “smart” technologies. Drawing on Foucault’s governmentality, and based on a case study of Rio de Janeiro’s Operations Centre (COR), the paper argues that new understandings of the city are being developed, representing a new mode of urban infrastructure based on the partial and selective rebundling of splintered networks and fragmented urban space. The COR operates through a “un-black boxing” of urban infrastructures, where the extension of control room logics to the totality of the city points to their fragility and the continuous effort involved in their operational accomplishment. It also functions through a collapse in relations of control—of the everyday and the emergency—, which, enabled by the incorporation of the public in operational control, further raise public awareness of urban infrastructures. These characteristics point to a specific form of urban governmentality based on the operationalisation of infrastructural flows and the development of novel ways of seeing and engaging with the city.

O presente artigo tem como objetivos (i) mostrar como a experiência de revitalização do Bairro do Recife foi desvirtuada, aproximando-se da tendência de city marketing, entendida como a aceleração da taxa de transformação de certas localidades, com ênfase especulativa sobre imóveis e grandes obras de renomados arquitetos, com importantes repercussões em termos de trânsito de veículos e fluxos de pessoas, e (ii) questionar sobre a legitimidade de projetos que, embora institucionalmente aprovados, comprometem as características de determinadas estruturas espaciais urbanas, como é o caso dos centros históricos.

O artigo baseia-se em duas pesquisas qualitativas em favelas cariocas, especialmente em uma de suas atividades, aproximadamente 50 horas de dinâmica com 15 grupos focais (envolvendo 150 moradores de mais de 40 favelas). Designou-se de “coletivos de confiança” os grupos focais compostos a partir de relacionamento anterior dos participantes com algum dos pesquisadores, capaz de, através do conhecimento pessoal, gerar alguma confiança prévia. Pensada com vistas a minimizar os prováveis efeitos de uma “lei do silêncio” imposta pelos agentes da violência nessas localidades, esta forma de recrutamento demonstrou ter sido adequada. O texto analisa os enunciados colhidos durante os debates, claramente concentrados nas diferentes modalidades de presença e atuação dos bandos de criminosos e das forças policiais nas favelas cariocas. Sustenta que, menos que questionar a violência criminal e policial como um todo, eles expressam intensa preocupação com algumas de suas manifestações, aquelas que impedem o prosseguimento das rotinas diárias. Sem ser diretamente tematizado, este é o horizonte de atenção que organiza todo o discurso crítico “para fora” das favelas, bem como as atitudes e condutas nos locais de moradia. Os autores avançam um pouco mais, argumentando que, em suas descrições e denúncias, os moradores demonstram não lidar da mesma maneira com todas as formas de desestabilização de suas rotinas, evitando homogeneizar os responsáveis. Assim é que, de um lado, a violência deflagrada durante as famosas “operações” policiais e sempre presente na arbitrariedade da conduta regular desses agentes aparece associada ao seu caráter quase totalmente imprevisível. De outro lado, quando se trata da violência envolvida nas práticas dos traficantes, com os quais os moradores são obrigados a compartilhar o mesmo território, há muitos relatos de tentativas (bem e mal/sucedidas) de redução da imprevisibilidade do fluxo da vida local. Isto ocorre por meio do ajustamento das condutas a um cálculo – inviável e/ou ineficaz no caso da ação policial – dos riscos envolvidos nesta convivência forçada. Este, tornando “administrável” uma pequena porção da violência na localidade, permite reabsorvê-la como a parte “extraordinária” das rotinas “ordinárias”.

Resultado de uma pesquisa mais ampla que foi realizada no Setor de Cirurgias Reparadoras e Estética, obra social sobre a responsabilidade do doutor Ivo Pitanguy na Santa Casa de Misericórdia, situada na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. A pesquisa tem como objetivo refletir sobre a representação da imagem e os significados que as classes populares fazem do corpo e da beleza.

Descreve a visita da socióloga francesa a Brasília e à Universidade de Brasília.

This essay examines the urban atmospheres of terror in the favelas of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from the perspective of women residents. Drawing on two ethnographic projects conducted in various favelas in 2016 and 2019, I argue that terror, as an urban atmosphere, is deeply rooted in a long history of racialized and gendered violence, and that its persistence in the contemporary urban landscape is a consequence of the coloniality of power. The analysis begins by exploring the layers, textures, and complexities of urban atmospheres of terror, providing a deeper understanding of their racialized and gendered nature. It further examines the transformative power of the body in reshaping these urban atmospheres, focusing on how favela women cultivate alternative affective atmospheres within their communities. Drawing on Afrodiasporic and decolonial feminist thinking, I show how Afrodescendant women in the favelas resist and transform these atmospheres, creating spaces that challenge the coloniality of power and its spatial manifestations, such as urban borders. I conclude that a key aspect of favela women's urban politics and resistance to coloniality is rooted in the body and the affective dimensions of urban life.

This article examines the mobilisation of spatial media technologies for digitally mapping informal settlements. It argues that digital mapping operates politically through a re-configuration of circulation, power, and territorial formations. Drawing on Stuart Elden’s understanding of territory, where space is ‘rendered’ as a political category, the coming together of digital mapping and the geoweb is uncovered as a political technique re-making territory through computational logics – operating as a calculative practice that, beyond simply representing space, is productive of the political spatiality that characterises territory. The article is based on an analysis of recent attempts by ICT corporates, particularly Google, to map favelas in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, critically examining the claim that digitally mapping informal settlements is a mechanism for socio-economic inclusion. Providing a counterargument to claims around the power of digital maps to incorporate favelas, provide recognition, legitimacy, visibility and citizenship, we discuss how in the interface between digital and urban worlds, territory as a political space is constructed through economic incorporation. In doing so, the article unpacks the spatial politics of digital and smart urbanisms and the emerging sovereignties of digital territories, particularly in the context of the tension between inclusion and exclusion experienced by those who live in informal settlements in cities in the global South.