Psicologia

A presente pesquisa problematiza o conceito de hospitalidade a partir da Casa do Migrante, albergue para migrantes situado no centro de São Paulo. Para isso, fundamenta-se nos escritos de Derrida (2003), estabelecendo diálogo com autores como Foucault (1999) e Agamben (2002). Busca-se, com isto, por meio da investigação do território da Casa, tratar sobre o significado daquela hospitalidade no que se refere a conceitos importantes como nomeação e língua. Trata-se então de abordar o vínculo fundamental entre a construção de um território e noções pensadas a partir da hospitalidade, tais como a de estrangeiro e a do bárbaro, ou seja, aquele que é inominável, absolutamente outro.

A Parada do Orgulho de Gays, Lésbicas. Bissexuais, Travestis e Transexuais de São Paulo, em pouco mais de 10 anos de existência, mostra-se ser atualmente a maior expressão do Movimento Homossexual Brasileiro. A imagem social da Parada Gay é expressa entre o discurso reivindicatório e o modelo lúdico da celebração, o que tem dividido a opinião pública e os militantes. A manifestação busca dar visibilidade à identidade sexual que cada categoria representa. Em 1999 foi criada uma Associação para organizar o evento e promover outras políticas de homo-inclusão, dentro do arcabouço das Políticas de Identidades. Esta dissertação buscou caracterizar o discurso da APOGLBT, articulando-o com o tema das Políticas de Identidade e, além disto, fazer uma crítica às Políticas de Identidade apresentando um contraponto pela psicanálise. Discutiremos como nos modelos das causas particulares arrisca-se excluir o sujeito e como a tomada da Identidade com estatuto de política muitas vezes reconstrói estereótipos (e novos preconceitos) e enlaça o Movimento às amarras do agenciamento do Estado e do Mercado. O referencial teórico utilizado é Freudo-Lacaniano, recorrendo também a outros autores psicanalistas, com destaque para Slavoj Žižek.

The purpose of the current research was to take a social psychological approach to understanding public acquiescence and support for extra legal police violence in Brazil. Data were drawn from research conducted by NEV-CEPID/FAPESP. The sample consisted of 1000 youth and adults age 16 and greater in the city of São Paulo who were representative of the general population based on sex, age, education level, occupation, and geographic area (with an oversampling of people from violent neighborhoods). T-tests and ANOVA techniques were utilized to explore group differences in support for citizen and police extra-legal violence based on race, social class, and gender. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was then used to estimate a mediational model of the relationships between environmental influences (direct and indirect victimization, as well as the presence of neighborhood incivilities), general justice related judgments and paradigms (the justice system as inefficient and ineffective, the traditional human rights paradigm, and the emerging human rights paradigm) and support for specific kinds of extra legal violence (support for citizen vigilante justice, support for procedural violence by the police, and support for retributive violence by the police). As hypothesized, direct victimization, indirect victimization, and neighborhood incivilities were all positively associated with fear of crime. In turn, fear of crime was negatively associated with adopting the emerging human rights paradigm and positively associated with viewing the justice system as inefficient and ineffective. Unexpectedly, fear of crime was not associated with a more traditional human rights paradigm. However, the emerging human rights paradigm was negatively associated with support for citizen vigilante justice, as well as support for procedural and retributive violence by the police. Conversely, the traditional human rights paradigm was positively associated with support for all three types of violence. Furthermore, viewing the justice system as inefficient and ineffective was positively associated with support for citizen vigilant justice and retributive violence, but, unexpectedly, was not related to support for procedural violence. Theoretical implications of the results are discussed.

This research studied the inner experiences of 30 Brazilian women in their 40s and 50s, living in the city of Sao Paulo, with a university level of education, who identified themselves as having participated in the counterculture movements of the 1960s and 1970s. This study probed the lived experiences of these women in various aspects of their lives, for example, physical, sexual, psychological, affective, and their inner mythologies about older women, aging, and this passage. Furthermore, this research probed whether the set of values, beliefs, and practices experienced in the counterculture of the 1960s and 1970s overweighed for them the social charge of negativity and prejudice concerning older women and menopause, that is, if these women presented forms of rupture or continuity in relation to the way society's cultural mythology relate to this period of a woman's life. For data analysis and the thematic method were used in a combined manner with a basic phenomenological attitude. The procedure involved individual interviews and workshops oriented by the Gestalt approach and the Personal Mythology perspective. In addition to the oral accounts of the participants, plastic and poetic experiments based on Gestalt art therapy were also utilized as ways for self-expression and the further elaboration of experiences. Results indicate that while countercultural values and practices were still pervasive in many areas of the participants' fives, for most of them their self-esteem and self-perception as women were imbued with the negative values and beliefs of Western societies' widespread cultural mythologies regarding older women and menopause. Most of them go through this passage misinformed and lonely, with feelings of loss, shame, and denial. However, the workshop experiences served as awareness-raising groups for these women, helping them to retrieve their countercultural values and experiences, and to start extending their scope to this area of their lives questioning the mores of the social milieu where their experiences occur. This outcome of the workshops' experience attests to the therapeutic relevance of women's groups in helping them deal with the conflicts and changes of this passage in life. The Gestalt therapy approach to group work enriched by the perspective of Personal Mythology proved to be of value in this process and suggests a very practical way of supporting women during this phase of their lives. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

This thesis is based on my practicum I completed at the Physical Fitness Research Center of São Caetano do Sul. I sought to answer three questions: (1) What are the strategies and outcomes of international community-based interventions aimed at promoting physical activity in children and adolescents that have been implemented to date?; (2) What is Agita São Paulo's community-based model for partnering with organizations to promote physical activity in children and youth?; and (3) How has Agita leveraged the sociocultural influence of futebol and the hosting of mega sporting events such as the 2014 FIFA World Cup and 2016 Summer Olympics to influence physical activity in children and youth? This project is descriptive in nature and included an extensive literature review and the administration of two semi-structured interviews and seven self-administered surveys to staff members (i.e. planners and coordinators) of the Agita São Paulo program (n=9). Interviews were transcribed and surveys were translated from Portuguese to English. Thematic content analysis was then employed to search for common and recurring themes. In addition, data were recorded from participants observations of daily operations and attendance at daily meetings held at the Agita São Paulo's research center. My observations were recorded and served as another source of data to verify my findings. Findings from my research indicate that the Agita program has been successful in large part due to its wide network of intersectoral (e.g. state secretariats and universities) and intrasectoral (e.g. service organizations such as the Rotary Club and Lions Club) partnerships. The Agita program uses an adaptable mobile management style (see Fig. 2) that allows the program to change its focus based on needs of a given community or region. For example, if intrapersonal factors have been successfully targeted, resources and efforts may be redirected to address components in the physical environment. Social marketing and non-paid media have contributed to the visibility and successful dissemination of Agita's messaging. The intervention program hosts two annual mega events to increase its visibility: Agita Galera and the walking parade to celebrate World Day for Physical Activity. Agita has marketing plans with World Cup and Olympics organizers in the form of cartoons and posters to be displayed publicly, t-shirts, and mega-events that will attempt to involve spectators and the local community to participate in physical activity and exercises. Unfortunately my research concluded before these events took place so I cannot speak with certainty that these proposed actions will even be implemented. At the start of my research, I believed that the spectacle of mega sporting events would induce some increase in physical activity of the population; however, my findings suggest otherwise. Across my key informant interviews, informants were skeptical that Brazil's hosting of the World Cup and the Olympics would bring about any positive changes related to physical activity among the general population. As a result, and serendipitously through my own personal experience living in São Paulo, I proposed that CELAFISCS turn to a more innovative use of social media (i.e. YouTube workout videos) to try and reach more of the general population. While the program has traditionally used print media such as sticker, flyers, posters, and cartoons, the Agita program has been underutilizing online social media sites. This method is cost-effective, has the potential to reach a wide range of people in the general population, and is not subject to the corruption of politicians that so many Brazilians have a disdain for. The key themes I identified in exploring the success and lessons learned of the Agita program included the pioneering efforts of Agita in placing physical activity on the public policy agenda; the dissemination of strong scientific evidence-based research; and the clear, simple messaging of Agita and leveraging of the unpaid media marketing to disseminate messaging through strategic partnerships. Ongoing challenges for Agita include and financial self-sustainability, program evaluation, and lack of domestic recognition for Agita's many achievements. Despite these obstacles, Agita continues to be a model for promoting physical activity in youth through community partnerships and social marketing across public schools, government entities, and sport clubs. Promising future directions for strengthening the Agita program include more proactive efforts in procuring partnerships and alternative funding opportunities as well as utilizing an established Internet presence to explore online social media networks to more creatively promote physical activity in the community.

Esta pesquisa de corte transversal procurou verificar as condições de saúde de trabalhadoras inseridas no processo produtivo de bijuterias e folheados de Limeira, SP. Para isso, traçou-se um perfil acerca do trabalho realizado, exposição ao cianeto e queixas de saúde auto-referidas, comparando um grupo de 191 trabalhadoras inseridas em empresas com processo de galvanoplastia (expostas ao cianeto) e um grupo de 192 trabalhadoras inseridas em empresas que fabricam e montam peças brutas (não expostas ao cianeto). Foi aplicado um questionário para levantamento de informações sócio-demográficas, familiares e funcionais, além do Índice de Capacidade para o Trabalho, a Escala de Estresse no Trabalho, o SRQ-20, o SF-36, o Audit e a Escala de Tolerância de Fagerström. No geral, 44,4% das trabalhadoras são solteiras, 54,3% têm entre 20 e 29 anos, 49,9% são brancas, 62,9% têm ensino médio completo, 55,4% não têm filhos, 40,7% afirmaram ter alguma lesão ou doença confirmada por médico e o Estado de Saúde (SF36) teve uma média de 66,9. As questões relacionadas a favoritismo e discriminação dentro de ambiente e a pouca perspectiva de crescimento são os fatores psicossociais mais estressantes para essa população, sendo que 14,8% apresentaram classificação positiva para transtornos mentais comuns (SRQ-20), com dores de cabeça freqüentes. Sobre o estilo de vida, 93,7% apresentaram baixo risco de dependência alcoólica (Audit), e 65,5% nunca fumaram. Sobre o trabalho, 59% não usam EPI, 68,4% ocupam o cargo de Auxiliar de Ourives, e entre as trabalhadoras inseridas no processo de tratamento de superfície 48,9% lidam diretamente com cianeto. Na comparação entre os grupos foi encontrada uma diferença estatisticamente significante com relação ao número de lesões e doenças referidas confirmadas por avaliação médica (ICT), sendo que o grupo exposto apresentou menos lesões que o grupo não exposto ao cianeto (p=0,042), e o grupo exposto apresentou diferenças com relação à prevalência de distúrbios de tireóide (p=0,022), bronquite crônica (p=0,027) e sinusite crônica (p=0,022), enquanto que o grupo não exposto apresentou maior prevalência de lesões nos braços e nas mãos (p <0,001). Os distúrbios de tireóide foram associados a um maior tempo de trabalho no setor (p=0,035), a uma menor pontuação no índice de capacidade para o trabalho (p=0,001), maior freqüência de distúrbios emocionais menores (p=0,006), a um cansaço constante (p=0,001) e facilidade de se cansar (p<0,001), menor pontuação na capacidade funcional (p=0,021), na vitalidade (p=0,001), nos aspectos emocionais (p=0,010), e no domínio saúde mental (p=0,011). A lesão nos braços e nas mãos não foi associada à responsabilidade de limpar a casa (p=0,114) nem à responsabilidade de passar roupa (p=0,252). Foi encontrado um perfil de adoecimento diferente para cada grupo pesquisado, sendo que o grupo de trabalhadoras não expostas ao cianeto apresentou pior condição de saúde.

Desde o século XIX até os nossos dias, houve crescente interesse por parte de psiquiatras, psicólogos e artistas plásticos em justapor a produção artística do louco e da criança. No Brasil o interesse remonta à década de 1920, com os estudos do psiquiatra Osório Cesar, baseados nas produções plásticas de pacientes do Hospital Juqueri e também com Ulisses Pernambucano, que em 1925 funda o Instituto de Psicologia do Recife. O presente estudo intencionou estudar o "Mês das Crianças e dos Loucos" - exposição organizada por Flávio de Carvalho e Osório César acompanhada por uma série de conferências, no ano de 1933, em São Paulo, no Clube dos Artistas Modernos (CAM) - do qual participaram artistas, médicos, intelectuais e educadores num momento de grande efervescência cultural modernista no país. O evento colocou em pauta os pontos comuns entre as produções plásticas da infância e dos doentes mentais. Discutiu prioritariamente o interesse que despontava entre alguns artistas plásticos e psiquiatras pela produção da criança, de um lado, e do louco, de outro, que este evento reuniu sob o mesmo teto. Este estudo se apoiou em metodologia documental para desenhar a estrutura do evento (como foi organizado o mês, quais coleções e obras foram expostas, e de que forma e quem dele participou) e seu impacto cultural. Interessou conhecer os argumentos que justificaram o evento, os princípios norteadores, o design da curadoria, a repercussão em jornais e periódicos do momento envolvidos e correlacionados à exposição. O estudo mostrou que este evento representou um marco em termos do encontro entre as áreas de arte, educação e psicologia e teve desdobramentos culturais significativos na cidade de São Paulo na década de 1930.